Norovirus

  • Posted: August 28th, 2012 - 6:24am by Doug Powell

    Fox17 reports that business has been slow for the Holland area Mexican restaurant, Margaritas, where several hundred people contracted Norovirus in late July.

    After reopening his doors in early August, owner Alonzo Salinas has made some changes.

    “I think a lot of people will always be cautious about what they eat and where they eat. … Our customers put their trust in us and I believe we’ve done that.”

    He says he keeps in contact with the Ottawa County Health Department for things ranging from proper handwashing to food temperature.

    Salinas says a handful of customers have come forward wanting to be reimbursed for hospital visits and lost wages during the time they fell ill. He says his insurance has and will continue to take care of any claims, as long as customers can prove them.

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  • Posted: August 24th, 2012 - 4:19pm by Doug Powell

    CTV News reports a suspected norovirus outbreak doesn’t seem to have stolen business away from The Bicycle Thief. The popular Halifax restaurant re-opened today after a four-day voluntary closure and it was packed at lunchtime.

    “It was tremendous, I just had my meal with a glass of wine and it was wonderful, glad to see the restaurant back open,” says customer Peter McDonough.

    A recent gastrointestinal virus outbreak closed both The Bicycle Thief and Ristorante a Mano after at least 26 staff and customers reported feeling ill on the weekend.

    The virus likely originated on a cruise ship, the Carnival Glory, which docked in Halifax on Aug. 9 with dozens of sick passengers onboard.

    Businesses along the waterfront say they weren’t made aware of the norovirus outbreak onboard the boat and Gordon Stewart, executive director of the Restaurant Association of Nova Scotia, says more needs to be done to prevent another outbreak from happening in the future.

    Currently, there are 53 reports of people having norovirus-like symptoms in the Halifax area. Those who are sick say they fell ill between Aug. 14 and Aug. 18.

     

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  • Posted: August 24th, 2012 - 12:57am by Doug Powell

    Sickness-stricken Bretton Water Park will reopen to the public on Saturday - subject to getting a clean bill of health in final tests.

    The £300,000 water park was abruptly closed four weeks ago after parents began reporting their children had been ill after playing at the complex.

    Peterborough City Council closed the park to carry out tests and cleaning and revealed an outbreak of norovirus had caused 64 children to fall sick with diarrhoea and vomiting.

    New facilities have now been installed at the park in a bid to prevent another outbreak, including setting up a drinking fountain, which had not been a feature of the park, plus improved baby changing and toilet facilities.

    Signs have been put up urging people not to drink water in which children play and to wash their hands after changing their babies’ nappies.

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  • Posted: August 22nd, 2012 - 7:55pm by Doug Powell

    The Nova Scotia restaurant now linked to 38 cases of norovirus was absolutely right to shut down at the first signs of illness – even if the blame may ultimately lie with a cruise ship.

    Global News reports that on August 11, officials with the U.S. Centre for Disease Control (CDC) boarded the Carnival Glory cruise ship after it docked at the Port of New York.

    The Carnival Cruise liner reportedly had 215 people on board who had fallen ill during its five-day voyage from the Big Apple to Halifax, with stops in Boston and Saint John along the way.

    All told 4.5 per cent of the combined 4796 people aboard had reported being ill.

    The Carnival Cruise Glory is being linked to 38 reported illnesses in Halifax, stemming from a popular waterfront restaurant.

    The Bicycle Thief, just metres away from the Halifax Seaport, shut its doors Saturday after staff and customers fell ill with Norovirus-like symptoms.

    Carnival Cruises states it took the correct measures to stop the spread of what it says was a Norovirus outbreak.

    In a statement, the company says ill passengers were required to stay on board while berthed in Halifax Aug. 9 - nine days before The Bicycle Thief temporarily shut down. The restaurant reopened Wednesday morning.

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  • Posted: August 21st, 2012 - 4:48am by Doug Powell

    There are now 26 cases of what appears to be a norovirus-like illness connected to a popular and upscale Halifax restaurant.

    Everyone who fell ill either works at The Bicycle Thief or ate there last week. As restaurant owners and inspectors attempt to identify the source, a second restaurant owned by the same group was also closed as a precaution after two workers there became ill.

    It appears those infected may have come into contact with the norovirus, but health officials won’t confirm that because they have yet to secure a sample from an infected individual.

    Geoff Harris just returned from the London Games after competing in the 800 metre sprint and ate at the restaurant Friday with a friend. By Saturday, they had both fallen ill.

    The owners of The Bicycle Thief released this statement to CTV News today:
    We would like to thank our loyal customers, the community and the Halifax restaurant industry for their tremendous support of our initiative to contain the Norwalk-like virus that seems to be making its rounds in Halifax at the moment.

    As an entirely precautionary step, we've decided to close Ristorante a Mano today.

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  • Posted: August 19th, 2012 - 2:21pm by Doug Powell

    While details remain slim, it appears a Nova Scotia restaurant did what celebrity chef Heston Blumenthal didn’t: close at the first sign of illness.

    And contact health types.

    Harbourfront restaurant The Bicycle Thief temporarily shut its doors Saturday evening as “a precautionary step” after learning that several staff and customers were showing norovirus symptoms, owner Stephanie Bertossi said in a news release.

    The restaurant will reopen at 11:30 a.m. on Tuesday.

    “Individuals who had symptoms reported feeling better within 12 hours,” said Bertossi.

    “As soon as we became aware that some staff were ill, we contacted the Department of Agriculture to advise of the situation and they have been exemplary in working with us to ensure the well-being of our customers and staff,” said Bertossi.

    “At our request, an inspector from the Department of Agriculture will be at the restaurant Monday.”

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  • Posted: August 7th, 2012 - 11:52am by Ben Chapman

    Author: 
    Ben Chapman

    I was in Beavers and Cubs for a couple of years as a kid (that's the Canadian equivalent of Boy Scouts). Each week my parents dropped me off and the parent/volunteer organizers led us through games and crafts (I remember capture the flag and making wooden cars). Every year there was an overnight camping trip that I opted out of. It wasn't the possibility of norovirus that kept me from camp; it was the rumors of cold, wet cabins.

    Centre Daily Times reports that Seven Mountains Scout Camp in Spring Mills PA is shutting down for the the final week of a scheduled camp after 20+ campers became ill with what sounds like Norovirus.

    Jim Kennedy, the executive director of the Juniata Valley Council of the Boy Scouts of America, said Sunday his staff decided to “be cautious and safe” and close the camp. About 140 campers were expected to arrive Sunday.

    Kennedy said he’s in daily contact with the county health department and will continue to work with that staff.

    “We’ve taken their recommendations in cleaning the camp,” he said.

    That includes bleaching everything, including mattresses, picnic tables, the pool, camp office, shower house, and every other part of the camp
    (not sure what the bleach will do on the picnic tables - if they are wood, there's lots of organic matter to gobble-up the active compounds -ben).

    As of Sunday, Kennedy said water and swimming pool tests at the camp came back clean.

    While he said extensive cleaning efforts have taken place since Friday, Kennedy said staff also have begun making changes at the camp to address the spread of germs. He said they installed hand-washing stations that campers would’ve used this week, “so they could thoroughly wash their hands in front of us.”

    Other efforts include changing meals from family style to cafeteria, changing meal cleanup so there is limited contact with items belonging to multiple people, and bringing in nurses for health screenings upon arrival to camp.


    The changes sound like good proactive practices that camps should be employing anyway - in the absence of illnesses.
     

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  • Posted: July 30th, 2012 - 5:36pm by Ben Chapman

    Author: 
    Ben Chapman

    No bare hand contact rules are often rebutted with "people do dumb things with gloves on."

    One of my favorite glove use stories is something a greenhouse manager told me 10 years ago. It goes something like this: the guy had convinced the business owner that food safety was really important and he installed full restrooms in the greenhouse -- and fully stocked a closet with latex gloves. The manager trained all the employees on why clean hands and gloves were important.  A week after the training session he saw an employee urinating on the outside of the restroom. With his gloves on.

    In this month's Journal of Food Protection, my friend Jen Cannon's group has a paper that shows some great data to back up why proper glove use is important: Dirty gloves are pretty decent at transferring norovirus. After looking at multiple donor/recipient surfaces (stuff like dirty gloves to berries, or dirty gloves to food contact surfaces) Sharps and colleagues showed transfer rates from 20%-70% under wet conditions and although less, still showed transfer of up to 12% under dry conditions.

    From the discussion, "After a restroom visit, a food worker, not respecting hygienic practices, may immediately or within a short period of time (<30 min) begin to handle foods, not allowing sufficient time for contaminated hands to dry." or take the gloves in to the restroom with them.

    Abstract is below.

    Human Norovirus transfer to stainless steel and small fruits during handling

    Journal of Food Protection®, Volume 75, Number 8, August 2012 , pp. 1437-1446(10)

    Sharps, Christopher P.; Kotwal, Grishma; Cannon, Jennifer L.

    Human noroviruses (NoVs) cause an estimated 58% of foodborne illnesses in the United States annually. The majority of these outbreaks are due to contamination by food handlers. The objective of this study was to quantify the transfer rate and degree of contamination that occurs on small fruits (blueberries, grapes, and raspberries) and food contact surfaces (stainless steel) when manipulated with NoV-contaminated hands. Human NoVs (genogroups I and II [GI and GII]) and murine norovirus (MNV-1) were inoculated individually or as a three-virus cocktail onto donor surfaces (gloved fingertips or stainless steel) and either immediately interfaced with one or more recipient surfaces (fruit, gloves, or stainless steel) or allowed to dry before contact. Viruses on recipient surfaces were quantified by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Transfer rates were 58 to 60% for GII NoV from fingertips to stainless steel, blueberries, and grapes and 4% for raspberries under wet conditions. Dry transfer occurred at a much lower rate (<1%) for all recipient surfaces. Transfer rates ranged from 20 to 70% from fingertips to stainless steel or fruits for the GI, GII, and MNV-1 virus cocktail under wet conditions and from 4 to 12% for all viruses under dry transfer conditions. Fomite transfer (from stainless steel to fingertip and then to fruit) was lower for all viruses, ranging from 1 to 50% for wet transfer and 2 to 11% for dry transfer. Viruses transferred at higher rates under wet conditions than under dry conditions. The inoculum matrix affected the rate of virus transfer, but the majority of experiments resulted in no difference in the transfer rates for the three viruses. While transfer rates were often low, the amount of virus transferred to recipient surfaces often exceeded 4- or 5-log genomic copy numbers, indicating a potential food safety hazard. Quantitative data such as these are needed to model scenarios of produce contamination by food handling and devise appropriate interventions to manage risk.

     

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  • Posted: July 30th, 2012 - 4:44pm by Ben Chapman

    Author: 
    Ben Chapman

    Illnesses at pools and spray parks happen often because kids, like mine, seem to lose control of their bodily functions as they get excited by the water - and then poop comes out. Or maybe (also like my kids) excess poop from poor post-bathroom wiping hangs around in swim trunks and is washed away by the water.

    Regardless of how it gets there, the poop might have pathogens in it and can overwhelm a facility's sanitizing and filtrations systems. A few years ago a bunch of Utah recreational water venues (wading pools and spray parks) became the source of multiple outbreaks resulting in more than 5700 illnesses.

    According to the BBC, a norovirus outbreak has closed Bretton Water Park in Peterborough (that's in the UK, not Ontario).

    A city council spokesman said its environmental health officers had confirmed the presence of the virus.

    He said the park would remain closed until further tests were completed.

    Initial checks revealed the council-owned park's maintenance and cleaning procedures were up-to-date.

    "It is highly probable that the virus originated with a child or children attending the park who were already infected," the spokesman added.

    The Dominion Post reports that pool-visiting Kiwis are also dealing with their own increase of Cryptosporidia-linked illnesses, which has oocysts that isn't easily inactivated with chlorine.

    About half of the recent cases reported to public health have had contact with swimming pools throughout the region, but particularly Wellington Regional Aquatic Centre in Kilbirnie and the Arena Aquatic Centre in Porirua.

    Regional Public Health is also working with pool managers to ensure systems are in place to reduce the risk.
    The highest number of cases has been in the under-5 age group and it is important to ensure tight-fitting togs are worn by this group, Dr McKenzie said.

    Porirua and Wellington city councils said there were signs reminding people not to swim after being sick and to shower before entering the pool.

    Although modern treatment systems can remove the bug, people may come into contact with it before it's removed by filters.

    All pools in the region have been alerted to the increased number of cryptosporidium cases in the community.
     

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  • Posted: July 28th, 2012 - 2:38pm by Doug Powell

    In Jan. 2009, the beginnings of the world’s largest known restaurant-based norovirus outbreak began to take hold in Heston Blumenthal’s fancy pants Fat Duck restaurant.

    A new report in Epidemiology and Infection reiterates much of what was known at the time and summarized in a subsequent U.K. Health Protection Agency report, but still hammers home the point that a series of errors can culminate in a lot of people barfing.

    About 591 in this outbreak.

    The report doesn’t mention The Fat Duck by name, but rather, states the restaurant “uses an approach based on the principles of molecular gastronomy, prepares and serves unusual dishes using what it describes as innovative methods.”

    Nice dig.

    “The complex nature of food preparation in this particular restaurant, with extensive handling of foods, requires excellent food management systems to ensure safety. Two of the 22 food samples taken from the restaurant were contaminated with E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae, reported to be an indicator of a breakdown in food hygiene practices.”

    Ouch.

    This was after the restaurant failed to notify public health types as dozens of complaints poured into the restaurant, hired its own food safety consultant, did a deep clean, and then temporarily closed.

    The figure (bottom) is particularly instructive.

    Once the health types got involved, they started testing some staff and ill diners; even late in the outbreak, six of 63 staff members tested positive for norovirus (44 were tested).

    “Diners were infected with multiple norovirus strains belonging to genogroups I and II, a pattern characteristic of molluscan shellfish-associated outbreaks. The ongoing risk from dining at the restaurant may have been due to persistent contamination of the oyster supply alone or in combination with further spread via infected food handlers or the restaurant environment. Delayed notification of the outbreak to public health authorities may have contributed to outbreak size and duration.”

    Norovirus in raw shellfish, especially oysters, is nothing new. But the amplification of risk by a series of dumb assumptions (we can contain this) and omissions (don’t tell anyone) is staggering.

    “The size and duration of this outbreak exceed any other commercial restaurant-associated norovirus outbreaks in the published literature. It is hoped that lessons learned from this outbreak will help to inform future action by restaurateurs especially in early notification to public health authorities once an outbreak is suspected.”

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