Norovirus

  • Posted: March 16th, 2012 - 4:30pm by Doug Powell

    Traducido por Gonzalo Erdozain

    Resumen del folleto informativo mas reciente:

    - Mas de 200 enfermos de norovirus en una competencia de chiroleras.
    - Los mas probable es que el brote se haya iniciado cuando un participante acudió a la competencia enfermo.
    - Los oficiales de salud creen que el brote empeoro por culpa de algunos individuos que vomitaron en publico.
    - El cloro puede inactivar al norovirus; la amonia cuaternaria no se recomienda porque no es efectiva.
    - Una mezcla con una concentración de 5,000 ppm (25 cucharas soperas de cloro (5.25%) en un galón de agua) debe ser aplicada al área afectada por un mínimo de 4 minutos.

    Los folletos informativos son creados semanalmente y puestos en restaurantes, tiendas y granjas, y son usados para entrenar y educar a través del mundo. Si usted quiere proponer un tema o mandar fotos para los folletos, contacte a Ben Chapman a benjamin_chapman@ncsu.edu.

    Puede seguir las historias de los folletos informativos y barfblog en twitter
    @benjaminchapman y @barfblog.

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  • Posted: March 14th, 2012 - 11:52pm by Doug Powell

    The number of people who died from gastroenteritis (inflammation of the stomach and intestines that causes vomiting and diarrhea) more than doubled from 1999 to 2007, according to a study by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings were presented today at the International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases in Atlanta.

    CDC scientists used data from the National Center for Health Statistics to identify gastroenteritis-associated deaths from 1999 to 2007 among all age groups in the United States.
    “Gastroenteritis is a major cause of death worldwide,” said lead author Aron Hall, D.V.M., M.S.P.H., of the CDC’s Division of Viral Diseases. “By knowing the causes of gastroenteritis-associated deaths and who’s at risk, we can develop better treatments and help health care providers prevent people from getting sick.”

    Over the eight-year study period, gastroenteritis-associated deaths from all causes increased from nearly 7,000 to more than 17,000 per year. Adults over 65 years old accounted for 83 percent of deaths. Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) and norovirus were the most common infectious causes of gastroenteritis-associated deaths.

    Norovirus was associated with about 800 deaths annually, though there were 50 percent more deaths in years when epidemics were caused by new strains of the virus. Norovirus is highly contagious. It spreads through person-to-person contact and contaminated food, water, and surfaces. People can get norovirus illness throughout the year, but cases peaked between December-February. Norovirus causes more than 20 million illnesses annually, and it is the leading cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks in the United States.

    “While C. difficile continues to be the leading contributor to gastroenteritis-associated deaths, this study shows for the first time that norovirus is likely the second leading infectious cause,” said Hall. “Our findings highlight the need for effective measures to prevent, diagnose, and manage gastroenteritis, especially for C. difficile and norovirus among the elderly.”

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  • Posted: March 14th, 2012 - 12:03am by Doug Powell

     

    Before personal hockey idol and goaltending great, Tony Espositio, there was Glenn Hall backstopping the Chicago Blackhawks for a bit.

    Being a goaltender in hockey is just weird, and attracts psychologically, uh, different people.

    Hall was famous for vomiting before every game.

    Someone started barfing during a Detroit-area high-school hockey game Sunday night, and others soon followed: at least 30 others. Up to 80 people are believed to have been sickened.

    Norovirus is suspected in the outbreak.

    Some were taken for treatment by ambulance and others were taken by private vehicles to area hospitals. The city-owned complex was shut down so air and water tests could be performed.

    Carol Austerberry of the Wayne County Health Department said yesterday afternoon that about 80 reports have come in of people suffering gastrointestinal problems that include diarrhea, vomiting and stomach cramping. The number might grow as reports continue to come in.

    County workers are contacting health care officials to collect stool samples for the investigation, to be sent to a state lab for testing. Surveys also will be sent to the people who attended the hockey tournament.

    Fire Chief Robert Tompos said water samples were shipped to an independent lab in Monroe for testing and came back clean, ruling out contamination.

    Tompos said people got sick simultaneously, causing several players to vomit on benches and in locker rooms.

    Tompos said some hockey players share equipment and water bottles, which could be considered mini-petri dishes.

    Austerberry said good prevention starts with parents.

    “If your child is sick, don’t let them go to school,” she said. “Don’t let them participate in sports where they are around a lot of people.”

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  • Posted: March 7th, 2012 - 9:48pm by Doug Powell

    Twin Trees Too in Syracuse, New York has reopened after a thorough rub-down as the number of diners sick with norovirus climbed to 95.

    The health department stressed that Twin Trees Too cooperated fully.

    If you are one of the customers who became infected, Onondaga County Health Commissioner Dr. Cynthia Morrow says the virus is so contagious that the most important thing you can do is stay home. You don’t want to transmit the virus to anyone else. Symptoms of norovirus include nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

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  • Posted: March 7th, 2012 - 2:52am by Doug Powell

    Twin Trees Too, a popular Syracuse, New York restaurant, will be undergoing a serious cleaning over the next 18 hours, as the number of customers with norovirus is now up to 70.

    The health department says there’s no evidence the bug is still being spread, but as a precaution, the restaurant is voluntarily closing for the first half of the day on Wednesday so Serve-Pro can come in and do a thorough cleaning.

    The Onondaga County Health Department suspects the norovirus – or stomach bug – was spread in the restaurant sometime around the last weekend of February and was likely caused by sick employees preparing food.

    While the restaurant is well known for its pies, it may have been some other foods that were contaminated.

    "The investigation is still pending, but we do think that it’s more likely to be related to a salad or antipasto than to the pizza at this time,” said Onondaga County Health Commissioner, Dr. Cynthia Morrow.

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  • Posted: March 2nd, 2012 - 3:00am by Doug Powell

    For Chapman’s mum, camping is a hotel without air conditioning.

    For me in surburbia, it was a tent in the backyard.

    Me and a couple of friends would have sleepouts, with an AM radio to rock us through the night.

    The station of choice for pre-teens in 1971 was CKOC in nearby Hamilton, Ontario (that’s in Canada).

    So it was with a tint of nostalgia when I read that norovirus had been confirmed as the cause of illness in at least 15 people at a CKOC Reunion Dance last weekend.

    Dr. Chris Mackie, an associate medical officer of health, told the Hamilton Spectator although the outbreak hasn’t been linked specifically to food, anyone who took leftovers from the dance should throw them out, just in case.

    Anyone who experienced the symptoms listed above after attending the CKOC dance should call public health at 905-546-2063.

     

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  • Posted: March 1st, 2012 - 6:22pm by Doug Powell

    Ben had a dream.

    “I was at a Chick-Fil-A by myself, sat down at a table next to a family (bunch of boys, mom and dad). One of the kids, probably a 6-year-old, threw up on my back and it splattered all over the floor, table and seats.

    “Staff came out to clean it up – but I didn't leave to go clean myself up, I just stood there watching, taking pictures with my phone and asking them what kind of sanitizer they were using, whether it was a different concentration that what they would normally use, and how far from the puke they were going to clean and sanitize.”

    I won’t get into the Freudian or Jungian or Bromancian aspects of Ben sharing his dream with me via e-mail (and Amy and Schaffner); it’s how we roll. But Ben’s dream is grounded in the reality of stories we see daily, where people barf and a bunch of others get sick with norovirus.

    Researchers from the Netherlands and Germany report in the current Eurosurveillance about a norovirus outbreak triggered by copper intoxication on a coach trip from the Netherlands to Germany.

    From the abstract:

    Overall, 30 of 40 people (including drivers and crew) developed nausea, vomiting and/or diarrhoea, 11 of them on the first day of the trip. The incidence epidemic curve showed a first peak on Day 1 and a second on Day 4. Nine passengers were hospitalised with gastrointestinal symptoms. Norovirus was found in stool samples from two patients, but the infection could not explain the first peak in the epidemic curve only a few hours after departure. Interviews with the passengers and an inspection of the coach and its water supply implicated the water used for coffee and tea as the potential source.

    Microbiological investigations of the water were negative, but chemical analysis showed a toxic concentration of copper. Blood copper levels as well as renal and liver function were determined in 28 of the 32 passengers who had been exposed to the water. One passenger who did not have gastrointestinal symptoms had an elevated copper level of 25.9 µmol/L, without loss of liver or renal function. It is likely that the spread of norovirus was enhanced because of vomiting of one of the passengers due to copper intoxication.

    The complete paper is available at http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20104.

    In response to Ben’s e-mail this morning, I asked if he could get paid to do anything else, and that maybe he needs a change.

    He replied, “Don't want to change a thing. In related news, I don't really have any other skills.”

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  • Posted: February 24th, 2012 - 4:11am by Doug Powell

    Two foodborne illness outbreaks in Granville, Ohio during the past two weeks have been blamed on norovirus.

    Test results from an Ohio Department of Health laboratory found Norovirus in samples from both an outbreak resulting from a catered Feb. 12 event at Bryn Du Mansion and from a separate incident among students at Denison University.

    Licking County Health Commissioner Joe Ebel told the Newark Advocate in an interview an investigation will be conducted into whether or not the two incidents could be related.

 Ebel said Tuesday that 41 of 78 people who attended the Bryn Du event, put on by the Columbus Museum of Art, experienced a gastrointestinal illness. He said most of those attending were from Franklin County, but one test sample returned from the lab involved a Licking County resident.

    

In Thursday’s health department announcement, Ebel said 36 Denison students and two staff members were affected by the outbreak there, which occurred gradually over about the past 10 days. 

“Usually in a school setting like that, once it gets started it’s hard to get stopped." Dr. Charles J. Marty, medical director for Denison University Health Services, said in an emailed statement Thursday that DU community members have been advised to report any illness however slight, wash hands often and avoid sharing food or beverages.

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  • Posted: February 11th, 2012 - 1:00am by Doug Powell

    Last week, some 300 staff and students in San Francisco were sickened with norovirus believed to have been transmitted by someone barfing on a door handle.

    It now appears a similar mode of transmission sickened 229 cheerleaders and cheeries at a Washington state competition.

    JoNel Aleccia of msnbc cites Suzanne Pate, spokeswoman for the Snohomish Health District, as confirming Friday that norovirus was the cause, and the outbreak was likely precipitated by people who were ill in public.

    "Somebody arrived at the event sick," said Pate, noting that janitorial crews were called to clean up vomit in a restroom and on an adjacent walkway. Those areas were likely exposure sites for the cheer and dance teams, she said.

    Some 229 people were sickened and least 33 people sought medical attention for their illnesses, state health officials said late Friday. That number is expected to grow as the investigation continues.

    A Comcast Arena spokeswoman said officials had sanitized the premises in accordance with federal health guidelines before a new event scheduled for Friday night. Tests of the arena's water supply showed no problems, Pate said.

    "It's probably the best-scrubbed place in the county," she added.

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  • Posted: February 10th, 2012 - 1:42pm by Doug Powell

    Most of the 100-plus people infected with norovirus last month had eaten at a local Subway franchise.

    The Star Press reports an investigation by the Blackford County Health Department (that’s in Indiana) was unable to determine whether a customer or an employee spread the virus, also known as a stomach bug and food poisoning.

    "We don't know how it bounced in there," said Linda Briles, an environmental health specialist at the department. "We may never know. I use the term 'bounced in there,' either www.barfblog.com/blog/152553/12/01/14/eat-fresh-90-sick-norovirus-linked-indiana-subwaywith an employee or a customer, I don't know. But it bounced in and went from there."

    She said the virus could have been spread by a customer who failed to properly wash his or her hands after using the restroom. "A customer could have left it on a door knob," Briles said. "It (transmission) is fecal-oral. Or an employee could have caused it by poor hand washing."

    An outbreak investigation report from the state department of health won't be completed for several months, spokeswoman Amanda Turney said. A state epidemiologist will conduct a "hot wash" meeting today with the county health department staff to identify lessons learned from the outbreak.

    "I want to do a final hot wash before I release my report (of the investigation to the public)," Briles said. "It should be available after I get down to the state health department and have it checked by the media (relations office)."

    Briles said tests showed that more than one Subway employee was infected with the norovirus. "They were sick the same time everyone else was," Briles said. To her knowledge, the infected employees were not sick before the outbreak.

    There has been an Indiana administrative code regulating food workers with diagnosed illnesses since 2000, but it wasn't being enforced in Indiana until 2008.

    Under the code, any food employee who is diagnosed with one of the following illnesses must be excluded from the food establishment: salmonella, shiga toxin-producing E. coli, shigella, hepatitis A or norovirus.

    From company headquarters in Milford, Conn., Subway public relations manager Kevin Kane said, "Upon learning of the norovirus investigation by the Blackford County Health Department, the franchisee in Hartford City voluntarily closed the restaurant and had an independent company come in to thoroughly clean and sanitize the restaurant. This was in addition to the stringent cleaning and sanitizing procedures practiced here on a daily basis.

    Despite hiring an independent contractor to sanitize the restaurant, Subway was cited by Briles for mold, dirty floors and other violations after re-opening.

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