Food Safety Culture

  • Posted: April 8th, 2012 - 12:46pm by Doug Powell

    rosebud.citizen.kane_.jpeg

    Public discussion of pink slime – LFTB, yo! -- has denigrated into an Internet-energized caricature faster than the U.S. found itself at war with Spain over Cuba in 1898.

    Technology will do that; but the basic framing of the public and political dialogue is the same, with contributions from hacks on many sides in the absence of data.

    Is pink slime, or lean finely textured beef – safe and sustainable? Probably.

    Does it make other beef safer when added to ground meat to make hamburger? Probably not.

    Jim Dickson and colleagues at Iowa State verified the process works back in 2002. Within the food science nerd community, there has been some chatting about the rigor of the study but that’s normal: dispute and dissent, backed by evidence, is what makes science great (Niebuhr, S. and J.S. Dickson. 2002. Impact of pH Enhancement on the Populations of Salmonella, Listeria and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Boneless Lean Beef Trimmings. Journal of Food Protection 66:874-877).

    The politically-inspired formation of public opinion – the rhetoric – is an ancient art a lot easier to engage in rather than the actual grind of generating data.

    Food is political, but it should be informed by data; and that data should be public.

    There is a paucity of data about pink slime that is publicly available, so statements like it’s safe, or it’s gross, are difficult to quantify.

    But many have no problem using pink slime as a launching pad to further validate their own personal agendas, and, I guess, make them feel better.

    The cooking tips of Mark Bittman are occasionally useful. But like most entertainers, his forays into social policy sorta suck, error-ridden and conspiracy laden.

    From his perch at the New York Times, Bittman once again proclaims industrial production is the root of all evil, because “E. coli, found in the digestive tracts of cattle, is common on factory farms where cattle are fed only grain.”

    That’s nothing more than a political opinion, using selective or barely-existent science. Dangerous strains of E. coli happen, in all ruminants, so telling people it’s OK to eat ground hamburger at 120F may appeal to personal choice, until someone barfs. It’s bad science and bad policy. Bittman’s a repeat offender, placing politics and porn before evidence-based safety, and uses pink slime as a launching pad for a screed about antibiotic resistant pathogens in the food supply.

    So do activist groups, some of whom say pink slime is nothing, the feds really want to reduce the amount of veterinary inspection at slaughter plants and that’s the real issue.

    So do those who rail against media excess, employing rhetoric to write in excessive columns for media, that pink slime’s all a manufactured scare and people should go back to sleep.

    Those who have recently discovered the Internet after Al Gore invented it in 1995 sagely state that social media makes everything happen really, really, really fast.

    The derogatory phrase, yellow journalism, is credited to newspaper owners Slick Willy Randolph ‘Rosebud’ Hearst and the slightly creepy Joseph Pulitzer. The wiki version is that at the close of the 19th century, those two were fighting a circulation battle in New York City, and made their stories about alleged atrocities in Spanish-Cuba credible by self assertion and providing false names, dates, and locations of skirmishes and atrocities committed by the Spanish. Papers also claimed that their facts could be substantiated by the government.

    Beef Product Inc., the makers of pink slime, when not lashing out at the meida, were quick to say government testing validated their views, and U.S. Department of Agriculture types said thousands of tests had not found the dangerous bugs – at least not the ones they were looking for. Relying on government validation builds suspicion rather than trust. If BPI has the safety data, make it public.

    Amplification of messages through media is nothing new, especially if those messages support a pre-existing world-view.

    In 1988, the Kaspersons and colleagues first formalized the theory of the social amplification of risk, which helps explain why minor technical risks become major public risks (see abstract below). Social media just accelerates the speed at which people can confirm their own pre-existing bias. It’s always been there, now it’s faster. Companies that expect to profit from the sale of food or wares may eventually catch up; maybe even the commentators.

    The politicization and follow-the-leader soundbites of pink slime are worthy of a Monty Python skit. And leave that Welsh tart alone.

    The social amplification of risk: A conceptual framework
    Risk Analysis, Volume 8, Issue 2, pages 177–187, June 1988
    Roger E. Kasperson, Ortwin Renn, Paul Slovic, Halina S. Brown, Jacque Emel, Robert Goble, Jeanne X. Kasperson, Samuel Ratick
    http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1988.tb01168.x/abstract
    Abstract
    One of the most perplexing problems in risk analysis is why some relatively minor risks or risk events, as assessed by technical experts, often elicit strong public concerns and result in substantial impacts upon society and economy. This article sets forth a conceptual framework that seeks to link systematically the technical assessment of risk with psychological, sociological, and cultural perspectives of risk perception and risk-related behavior. The main thesis is that hazards interact with psychological, social, institutional, and cultural processes in ways that may amplify or attenuate public responses to the risk or risk event. A structural description of the social amplification of risk is now possible. Amplification occurs at two stages: in the transfer of information about the risk, and in the response mechanisms of society. Signals about risk are processed by individual and social amplification stations, including the scientist who communicates the risk assessment, the news media, cultural groups, interpersonal networks, and others. Key steps of amplifications can be identified at each stage. The amplified risk leads to behavioral responses, which, in turn, result in secondary impacts. Models are presented that portray the elements and linkages in the proposed conceptual framework.
     

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  • Posted: April 6th, 2012 - 3:51pm by Doug Powell

    Witticisms like that have endeared fans of celebrity chef Anthony Bourdain, but barf and diarrhea is no fun, especially for kids.

    Bourdain’s good with a quip, as he showed last night on The Daily Show, but still comes across like Hunter S. Thompson-lite.

    Eater reports that Bourdain, whose job is "what people would do if they didn't have to work," stopped by The Daily Show to talk about the upcoming season of No Reservations, premiering Monday.

    Jon Stewart comments on the less-than-hygienic places Bourdain travels on the show — "I have gotten diarrhea from watching" — to which Bourdain replies, "If there's not at least a 50% chance of diarrhea when you eat something, it's almost not worth eating." Also, Bourdain says the worst food comes not from the poorest countries (that's some of the best), but places where people just aren't interested in food. Not liking food? Yeah, that's like saying "I'm not interested in music, and you know, I'm not particularly interested in sex either."

    Food can be adventurous and safe. So can sex.

    The clip is at http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/thu-april-5-2012/anthony-bourdain for those in the U.S. But it worked for me via Eater.

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  • Posted: April 6th, 2012 - 11:49am by Ben Chapman

    Author: 
    Ben Chapman

    Translated by Albert Amgar

    La manipulation des poussins et des canetons peut entrainer une salmonellose,
    Les oeufs crus sont liés a des epidémies
    Risques dus aux poussins
    Le CDC a rapporté ce mois-ci que 96 cas de salmonellose ont été liés à la manipulation de poussins pendant l'été 2011.
    La plupart des patients ont rapporté avoir acheté des poussins ou des canetons dans une chaîne nationale de magasins d'aliments pour animaux qui a été fournie par un seul couvoir.
    Depuis 1990, 35 épidémies d'infections humaines à Salmonella liées au contact avec des volailles vivantes ont été signalées.
    Le lavage des mains après la manipulation des animaux, même les plus mignons, réduit le risque de maladie. Les enfants peuvent tomber malades en touchant les oiseaux et en mettant leurs mains directement dans la bouche ou en touchant des aliments.
    Risques liés aux œufs
    En 2011, les desserts produits par une boulangerie de Rhode Island ont été liés à 56 cas de maladies et un décès. Le Rhode Island Department of Health a souligné la contamination croisée avec des œufs crus comme source probable de contamination.
    Les pâtisseries ont également été entreposées dans des caisses où des œufs cassés avaient été mis.
    Des œufs pas assez cuits ou crus ont été liés à de multiples épidémies à Salmonella, dont 22 cas de maladies en Australie au début de 2012 et plus de 200 cas de maladies au Royaume-Uni en juin 2011.
    • Les œufs peuvent héberger Salmonella et ont besoin d’être cuits à 63°C pendant 15 secondes ou jusqu’à ce que le jaune soit centré pour réduire les risques.
    • Les œufs crus doivent être entreposés au réfrigérateur à une température égale ou inférieure à 7°C.
    • Utilisez des œufs pasteurisés dans un plat à la place d’œufs crus pour réduire les risques.
    Utilisez un colorant de qualité alimentaire, si vous souhaitez colorer des œufs. Si des œufs à la coque sont utilisés pour une chasse aux œufs, il est préférable de ne pas les consommer car les coquilles peuvent se fissurer permettant aux bactéries d'entrer. Si les œufs colorés doivent être consommés, conservez-les en dessous de 5°C après les avoir fait bouillir et colorer et ne pas les laisser hors du réfrigérateur pendant plus de 4h.
     

     

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  • Posted: April 5th, 2012 - 11:13am by Ben Chapman

    Author: 
    Ben Chapman

    Rotisserie baseball kicks off today for me. I grew up in the 90s near Toronto (that's in Canada) - a fun time since the Blue Jays were winning World Series titles. As I got older, the Jays sucked and baseball became boring. I switched allegiance to the Boston Red Sox (it was nice to back a winner) and to keep my interest I got into a rotisserie baseball league. I've been in the same league for 15 years with the same bunch of nerdy guys. I've finished in last place, a league record, four times (which comes with it's own toilet-shaped trophy).

    I have never won.

    I thought last year was my time to shine as I dominated the league all season and even started to spend the pool winnings in my head. Then I got knocked out in the first round of the playoffs.

    Opening day in the American League (where my nerdy group draws it's players from) is today and I'm all set to watch my players amass home runs, strikeouts, quality starts and stolen bases.

    Injuries can derail a great rotisserie baseball team. I'm glad I don't have Josh Outman, who, according to The Gazette, will start the season on the disabled list after injuring an oblique while barfing.

    Colorado Rockies relief pitcher Josh Outman will start the season on the 15-day disabled list after a strange injury, according to foxsports.com.

    Rockies manager Jim Tracy said Outman strained his oblique from vomiting because of a bout of food poisoning.

    Outman, a left-hander, joined the Rockies after a trade over the winter from the Oakland Athletics

     

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  • Posted: April 5th, 2012 - 10:37am by Ben Chapman

    Author: 
    Ben Chapman

    Easter has been on my 3-year-old's radar since Christmas. Jack has succumbed to the eggs/bunnies/chicks hype at retail stores, and is now really interested in colored eggs (because he thinks they all contain chocolate). Jack, with his one-year-old brother in tow, even hid a bunch of plastic eggs in our neighbor's yard earlier this week.

    We're always looking to entertain the dudes with crafts and this weekend's traditional fun is to dye and decorate some eggs. We prefer using the hardboiled type (and not messing around with sticking pins in and blowing out the raw egg). We'll hide the decorated eggs around the yard, but we're not planning on eating them.

    Here is the newest food safety infosheet detailing some risks and risk-reduction steps for Easter fun.

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  • Posted: April 4th, 2012 - 4:18pm by Doug Powell

    Gourmet products manufacturer Olivia may describe its production facility as a pastoral-sounding "wooden house with a chimney" emitting the aroma of "a true kitchen," but it's a kitchen that is characterized by unhygienic conditions, ranging from mold in its dried-tomato storage containers to filth and creepy-crawlies on the floor.

    The Marker reports that founded in 1990 by Yoel Benesh, Tnuva completed its buyout in 2002. Olivia sells its upmarket sauces and spreads in Israel, the United States, France and England. It also manufactures products for the Israeli foods companies Strauss, Maadanot and Sunfrost, and for American burgers giant McDonald's. In Israel its products command 8% of the market for sauces, 5% of the market for salad dressing, 2% of the soy sauce market and 2% of the market for margarine.

    The "house" of Olivia is actually a 4,000-square-meter plant in Rehovot with 26 employees, which the company says produces healthy, quality gourmet products. But The Marker has obtained pictures showing that inside, the conditions have apparently been unsanitary for years.

    Early one morning last October, worms were documented on the plant's floor (the company later said they were caterpillars ). Workers related that for a long time, the sewage system had been backing up and often flooded the floor by the production line. In the room where bottles and jars are filled, the sewage trap was open and a pump installed inside transferred the filth to a channel passing inside the containers room.

    A second food technician The Marker consulted says the sewage channel shouldn't be open, and that it suggested that the system is constantly clogged.
    The company stated that in September 2010, the plant's sewage line broke down.

    In October 2011, the production line shut down for three days after a worker complained about the unhygienic conditions to Tnuva, action he took, he claimed, after he was ignored by the Olivia management. A tape The Marker obtained features Tnuva executive Yigal Gali saying, "I'm in shock. Yesterday I heard [Tnuva internal auditor] Margalit [Shperber], who saw worms on the floor with her own eyes. When I went downstairs, I saw a production line working with glass shards on the floor."

    Yoel Benesh, present at that conversation, said on the tape that he'd been struggling with the hygiene issue for four years. "Not long ago I went downstairs and saw the Universal machine [which makes sauces] filthy."

    Tnuva's quality manager, Michal Amsterdam, commented during the exchange that the problem with hygiene had been around a long time: "What's missing is resources to clean."

    Benesh summed up: "What's needed here is a root canal, like they did at Maadanot. First of all clean, then work. It hasn't happened here for 1,001 reasons."

    After that meeting, Gali convened the plant's workers and ordered them to undertake a cleaning blitz, and vowed to change sanitary standards at the plant.
    The tape ends with one worker joking, "This place looks like a garage. All it needs is a calendar with naked women."

     

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  • Posted: April 4th, 2012 - 12:35am by Ben Chapman

    Author: 
    Ben Chapman

    Today I spent a couple of hours with some new family and consumer science extension agents talking about the history of food safety, how risk is calculated and how messages should be based on data - not conjecture. We talked about why the FDA model food code provides guidance on a specific water temperature for handwashing (100F/38C). It's mainly because folks might be more likely to wash hands when water is warm (except no one can point to that in the literature), that fat is more soluble and soap lathers better. But some research has shown that temperature isn't a factor in pathogen removal at all (which is the desired outcome of the action).

    One of the agents asked me how something like that gets into and stays in a regulatory document and I responded by saying "It probably seemed like a good idea to someone, and it stuck."

    I feel the same way about the discussion about the safety of reusable bags.

    The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics has put out a press release saying that reusable bags need to be washed regularly by users as pathogens grow well and cross-contamination is likely.

    From the release:

    Reusable grocery totes are a popular, eco-friendly choice to transport groceries, but only 15 percent of Americans regularly wash their bags, creating a breeding zone for harmful bacteria, according to a survey by the Home Food Safety program, a collaboration between the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (formerly the American Dietetic Association) and ConAgra Foods.

    “Cross-contamination occurs when juices from raw meats or germs from unclean objects come in contact with cooked or ready-to-eat foods like breads or produce,” says registered dietitian and Academy spokesperson Ruth Frechman. “Unwashed grocery bags are lingering with bacteria which can easily contaminate your foods.”

    Sort of.

    Williams and colleagues (2011) have published the only peer-reviewed study on the microbial safety of reusable bags and tested growth of Salmonella in 2 batches. They spiked the bags with 10^6 cfu and let them sit in the trunk of a car for 2 hours. One of the batches, where the temperature reached 47C/117F, showed a one-log increase in the Salmonella. The other batch, where the temperature reached 53C/124F, there was a one-log reduction. That data doesn't show just a breeding zone - it shows they can be a killing zone too (and I'm not sure how realistic a 10^6 contamination really is).

    The part of the press releases that is the least rooted in science is that pathogen-containing bags "easily contaminate your foods." The same Williams study showed generic E. coli is floating around in bags, recoverable in 12 % (n=58) of those tested but can it be (or is it likely) to be transferred to any ready-to-eat foods, or somehow to food contact surfaces in the home?

    Just because the bacteria might be there, doesn't mean it can contaminate a ready-to-eat food. No one has presented data to support that. Maybe the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics - if so, they should share it.

    In a cross-contamination event there is a dilution effect when it comes to transfer. 1000 cfus of Campylobacter on the outside of the package of raw chicken might become 100 cfus when transferred to the bag, and then only 10 cfus when transferred to ready-to-eat apples.

    Washing bags frequently (as the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics suggests) is probably a good idea (like washing hands in warm water) and probably won't increase risk, but I wonder how much it decreases the probability of cross-contamination when compared to doing nothing.
     

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  • Posted: April 3rd, 2012 - 10:59pm by Doug Powell

    In the 2001 film K-Pax, the would-be alien played by Kevin Spacey comments to psychiatrist Dr. Mark Powell (no relation) played by Jeff Bridges, the bestest greatest actor in the world, “Your produce alone has been worth the trip.”

    (For a while I thought maybe I had some mysterious role in the film or book’s creation, being a Dr. Powell, and the tragic set-up for the plot occurring in Guelph, Texas, but then Amy reminded me that not every movie is about me, or us).

    The Packer reports that a recent Big Apple conference was told to go to where the food bloggers, recipe writers, cookbook authors and cooking school teachers are and wow them with a product and message. It turns into fodder for blogging, tweeting, experimenting and developing.

    Conference organizers incorporated New York’s publishing offerings into the program by scheduling media tours, one to the test kitchens of Meredith Corp., which publishes Better Homes and Gardens, Family Circle, Ladies Home Journal and Every Day With Rachael Ray magazines. With the magazine food editors present for the tour, Rodger Helwig, marketing specialist with California Vegetable Specialties, Rio Vista, Calif., found the opportunity to inform them of endive, getting agreement from each editor to receive a box to experiment with — something he was unable to accomplish by phone, he said.

    The Australian limes are outstanding this time of year, and I incorporate them into every meal. Still waiting in Brisbane.

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  • Posted: April 3rd, 2012 - 9:09am by Doug Powell

    Author: 
    Doug Powell

    A friend in grad school used to get pigs off.

    He needed their semen for genetics research and, that was how to get it (with props, the mount-equivalent of lingerie, I guess).

    That was 1986, and I would soon drop out of grad school to pursue Hunter-S-Thompson-esq journalist escapades, but not nearly as interesting.

    The grad student worked with John Phillips, a prof in molecular biology at the University of Guelph, an excellent teacher (the rest of the department? not so much) and my occasional squash partner. After one match, I commented, with the arrogance of youth, you’re putting on a few pounds.

    He said, when you’re this age, it will look pretty good.

    Was he ever right.

    Dr. John teamed up with a microbiology prof and in the 1990s they developed the Enviropig, a genetically engineered pig that could reduce phosphate contamination into the environment. Enviropigs digest feed more efficiently than naturally bred pigs, resulting in waste that may cause less environmental damage to lakes and rivers.

    The project has sat in regulatory limbo for over a decade.

    The project has produced eight generations of Enviropigs, including the current herd of 16 animals. But they may be the last of their kind, after Ontario Pork yanked their funding last month.

    Self-proclaimed enviro-types claimed victory, but again, there were no winners.

    Unlike pink slime, there were no politicians grandstanding the cause, no media reacting to media about sensationalist coverage, no talking heads about the excellence of science.

    Nothing.

    But why not, if the science is sound and the cause just?

    There will be another pink slime, sooner rather than later – and those same self-proclaimed environmental activists have already taken ownership of pink slime as a catchphrase for things hidden. Food and Water Watch proclaims that doo doo chicken is the new pink slime.

    Meanwhile, AFA Foods, based in King of Prussia, Pa., which processes 500 million pounds of ground beef products a year, declared bankruptcy yesterday, after the public outcry over pink slime derailed its efforts to save its already struggling business.

    A meat manager for a major New York supermarket chain told Advertising Age, "The morning after the reports came out, ground-beef sales dropped. We ended up throwing chopped meat away. We don't even use pink slime and we had to put signs up everywhere saying that. People wouldn't even touch it."

    All of this is a culture where food science is nothing compared to food porn (see below).

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  • Posted: April 2nd, 2012 - 6:08am by Doug Powell

    cucumber.spain,MEP.jpg

    Politicians eating burgers does not, historically, inspire confidence.

    Watching Midwest governors chow down on hamburgers containing pink slime, er, lean finely textured beef (LFTB yo) from Beef Products Inc. during a press junket last week immediately brought to mind former U.K. Agriculture Secretary John Gummer feeding a hamburger to his four-year-old daughter, Cordelia, as concerns about the safety of British beef in 1990, the early days of the mad cow disease debacle.

    Things didn’t turn out so well.

    It’s become routine for politicians to chow down on foodstuffs that been slighted, real or imaginary:

    • in 1996, the Japanese prime minister scarfed down radish spouts after an outbreak that killed 11 and sickened almost 10,000 with E. coli;

    • Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chretien indulged in a burger after the first case of mad cow disease was discovered in Canada in May 2003;

    • French President Jacques Chirac and future French president Nicolas Sarkozy consumed cooked chicken during the International Agriculture show in Paris in March 2006 to bolster confidence after an outbreak of avian influenza;

    • Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg said in 2006 he often fed salmon to his own children after Russia banned imports of fresh Norwegian salmon because of worries about toxic metals;

    • Pennsylvania Governor Ed Rendell lunched at a Philadelphia Taco Bell in Dec. 2006 after an E. coli O157:H7 outbreak linked to lettuce sickened 71;

    • in 2008, Italy's Agriculture Minister, Paolo De Castro, dug into some buffalo mozzarella for the cameras after assuring the European Commission that no mozzarella cheese contaminated with cancer-causing dioxin had been exported;

    • during a 2008 salmonella-in-cantaloupe outbreak, President Manuel Zelaya of Honduras downed some homegrown melon for a CNN news crew, proclaiming, "I eat this fruit without any fear. It’s a delicious fruit. Nothing happens to me!” and,

    • last year, Spanish politicians rushed to consume cucumbers incorrectly fingered in the E. coli O104 outbreak eventually linked to raw, organic sprouts.

    Forget the theatrics. Show me the data. And let me choose.

    I’ll choose safe food.

    But pink slime isn’t really about safety.

    How could such a technologically-savvy company such as Beef Products Inc. – the makers of pink slime – resort to such an ole timey public relations strategy that may have created some converts but overall fueled concern about the technology?

    As noted science-and-society type, Dorothy Nelkin, er, noted in 1995, efforts to convince the public about the safety and benefits of new or existing technologies -- or in this case the safety of the food supply -- rather than enhancing public confidence, may actually amplify anxieties and mistrust by denying the legitimacy of fundamental social concerns. The public expresses a much broader notion of risk, one concerned with, among other characteristics, accountability, economics, values and trust.

    Nelkin’s Selling Science: How the Press Covers Science and Technology, while flawed, was instrumental in my approach to these issues, food-related or not.

    And now that the slimy dirty work’s been largely done, arm-chair quarterbacks are surfacing with declarations of originality that reek of recycling. In an Internet era, that’s easy. Chapman calls them tracers.

    Everyone is probably relieved to know Andrew Revkin of the New York Times is OK with pink slime, even though his family rarely eats beef and he’d love to see the day when all beef comes from free-range herds like the one up the road (move to Australia).

    In Taiwan, hundreds of people dressed in black protested yesterday in front of Liberty Square at the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall in Taipei against a proposed policy to lift the ban on meat that contains lean-meat additives.

    Holding electric candles, the crowd of about 600 participants set out on a silent march toward Ketagalan Boulevard at sunset, which organizers said symbolized the coming of a dark food-safety era in Taiwan.

    Wendy's Co says it never has used pink slime in its hamburgers and ran ads in eight major daily newspapers around the United States on Friday to let diners know that. "We have never used lean finely textured beef (pink slime) because it doesn't meet our high quality standards," Wendy's spokesman Bob Bertini told Reuters.

    Quality and safety are two different things. I’ll choose safety.

    Today’s USA Today has competing opinion pieces about the safety of pink slime but they say nothing that couldn’t have been said three weeks ago, three months ago, three years ago, or three decades ago.
    What will happen when the next mystery ingredient is unveiled, like pulling back the curtain on the Wizard in Oz.

    Any farm, processor, retailer or restaurant can be held accountable for food production – and increasingly so with smartphones, facebook and new toys down the road. Whether it’s real or just an accusation, consumers will rightly react based on the information available.

    Rather than adopt a defensive tone, any food provider should proudly proclaim – brag – about everything they do to enhance food safety. Explanations after the discovery of some mystery ingredient sorta suck.

    That’s why microbial food safety should be marketed at retail so consumers actually have a choice and hold producers and processors – conventional, organic or otherwise – to a standard of honesty. Be honest with consumers and disclose what’s in any food; if restaurant inspection results can be displayed on a placard via a QR code read by smartphones when someone goes out for a meal, why not at the grocery store? Or the school lunch? For any food, link to web sites detailing how the food was produced, processed and safely handled, or whatever becomes the next theatrical production – or be held hostage.

    What Wendy’s is doing is nothing but exploitation marketing, telling people what isn’t in food instead of what is. (which is what the vast majority of food marketing is).

    Maybe the next mystery ingredient to go viral will be something in Wendy’s burgers.

    Provide all information up front (we have experience with this having sold genetically engineered corn at a farm market for 3 years a long, long time ago), get the science right, don’t BS.

    Choice is a fundamental value. What’s the best way to enable choice, for those who don’t want to eat pink slime, or for those who care more about whether a food will make their kids barf?

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